Women's Heart Risks Increase with High Blood Sugar
Increased blood sugar levels signal a heightened risk of heart disease, especially among women, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
In fact, women may face a greater risk for heart disease at lower blood sugar levels than men.
"The new definition of high fasting glucose, which is defined as a blood sugar between 100 and 125 milligrams per deciliter [of blood], has the same predictive value of diabetes and heart disease as the old definition of fasting glucose, which was 110 to 125 milligrams per deciliter," says lead researcher Dr. Caroline Fox, a medical officer with the Framingham Heart Study.
Moreover, for any level of blood sugar [even a normal level], women have a higher risk of developing diabetes and heart disease compared with men, adds Dr. Fox.
In the study, Dr. Fox collected data on 4,058 men and women who were the children of the original participants in the Framingham Heart Study, a 50-year research project named for a Massachusetts town.
During four years of follow-up, 291 people in Dr. Fox's clinical trial developed heart disease.
The researchers found that the higher the blood sugar at the start of the study, the greater the likelihood of developing heart disease.
Based on the new definition of high blood sugar, the researchers determined that women were at greater risk for developing heart disease than men.
Specifically, women whose blood sugar was at 110 to 125 milligrams per deciliter of blood had the same risk of developing heart disease as women with diabetes.
Dr. John B. Buse, president for medicine and science at the American Diabetes Association (ADA), says this study confirms what other studies have found.
"Women who don't have diabetes usually don't have heart attacks," says Dr. Buse, who is director of the Diabetes Care Center at the University of North Carolina. "Women with diabetes, basically, all have heart attacks."
Persons at risk of diabetes should have their blood sugar measured, adds Dr. Buse.
"If the fasting glucose test is elevated more than 100 milligrams per deciliter [of blood], it means that you are at risk of developing diabetes and you may have some excess risk of heart disease, particularly if you are a woman," he says.
The ADA recommends that everyone over age 45 should have a fasting glucose test, says Dr. Buse said. "Normal is less than 100 milligrams per deciliter, so 99 is normal, 100 isn't. If the test is normal it should be repeated every three years."
Persons under 45 who are overweight and have any risk factors for diabetes should be screened earlier and more often, he says.
Always consult your physician for more information.
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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by a failure to secrete enough insulin, or, in some cases, the cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that is produced.
Because insulin is needed by the body to convert glucose into energy, these failures result in abnormally high levels of glucose accumulating in the blood.
Diabetes may be a result of other conditions such as genetic syndromes, chemicals, drugs, malnutrition, infections, viruses, or other illnesses.
The three main types of diabetes - type 1, type 2, and gestational - are all defined as metabolic disorders that affect the way the body metabolizes, or uses, digested food to make glucose, the main source of fuel for the body.
In prediabetes, blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be defined as diabetes.
However, many people with prediabetes develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, states the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Prediabetes also increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.
With modest weight loss and moderate physical activity, people with prediabetes can delay or prevent type 2 diabetes.
For glucose to be able to move into the cells of the body, the hormone insulin must be present.
Insulin is produced primarily in the pancreas, and, normally, is readily available to move glucose into the cells.
However, in persons with diabetes, either the pancreas produces too little or no insulin, or the cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.
This causes a build-up of glucose in the blood, which passes into the urine where it is eventually eliminated, leaving the body without its main source of fuel.
Always consult your physician for more information. |
